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Priligy

By M. Jaroll. Air Force Institute of Technology.

It helps regulate certain body Objective 4 Summarize the transitional events that occur functions and protect certain body structures generic priligy 90mg amex. Included in this system are the millions of sensory recep- Epidermis tors of the skin and its extensive vascular network. Derived from ectoderm, the epidermis is composed of lows for communication with the environment. All but the deepest layers are composed of of tissues that are structurally arranged to function together. Either four or five layers may be present, depending is the largest organ of the body, covering over 7,600 sq cm on where the epidermis is located (figs. The names and characteristics of body exposed to wear and abrasion, such as the soles of the feet the epidermal layers are as follows. Integumentary System © The McGraw−Hill Anatomy, Sixth Edition Companies, 2001 Chapter 5 Integumentary System 107 TABLE 5. Integumentary System © The McGraw−Hill Anatomy, Sixth Edition Companies, 2001 108 Unit 4 Support and Movement Epidermis Papillary layer of dermis Dermis Reticular layer of dermis FIGURE 5. With the exception of tactile tosis in the stratum spinosum, this layer and the stratum cells, these cells are constantly dividing mitotically and basale are collectively referred to as the stratum germina- moving outward to renew the epidermis. As keratinocytes are pushed away from the vascu- lar nutrient and oxygen supply of the dermis, their nuclei 4. The nuclei, organelles, degenerate, their cellular content becomes dominated by and cell membranes are no longer visible in the cells of the keratin, and the process of keratinization is completed. Thousands of these dead cells shed the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Tactile cells are sparse from the skin surface each day, only to be replaced by new compared to keratinocytes and melanocytes.

This effect is achieved by a neg- cal vasodilation discount priligy 60 mg with mastercard, increased capillary permeability, and ative-feedback mechanism of glucocorticoids on the secre- edema formation that characterize the inflammatory re- tion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and sponse (see Chapter 11). ACTH and on proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene ex- Because glucocorticoids inhibit the inflammatory re- pression (see Chapter 32). Their regulation of the production of PRODUCTS OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA prostaglandins and leukotrienes is the best understood. These substances play a major role in mediating the in- The catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, are flammatory reaction. They are synthesized from the unsat- the two hormones synthesized by the chromaffin cells of urated fatty acid arachidonic acid, which is released from the adrenal medulla. The human adrenal medulla produces 620 PART IX ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY and secretes about 4 times more epinephrine than norepi- found hypoglycemia can be tolerated depends on its sever- nephrine. Postganglionic sympathetic neurons also pro- ity and the individual’s sensitivity. The pathway for the synthe- ing to the fibers innervating the chromaffin cells. Sym- pathetic postganglionic nerve terminals also release norepinephrine. Trauma, Exercise, and Hypoglycemia Stimulate Catecholamines act on the liver to stimulate glucose the Medulla to Release Catecholamines production. They activate glycogen phosphorylase, result- Epinephrine and some NE are released from chromaffin ing in the hydrolysis of stored glycogen, and stimulate glu- cells by the fusion of secretory granules with the plasma coneogenesis from lactate and amino acids. The contents of the granules are extruded into cholamines also activate glycogen phosphorylase in the interstitial fluid. The catecholamines diffuse into capil- skeletal muscle and adipose cells by interacting with re- laries and are transported in the bloodstream.


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