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By R. Pavel. University of Montana, Missoula. 2017.

The box may be mount- taking photosensitizing medications should consult with ed upright to a wall buy generic revatio 20mg on line, or slanted downwards towards a table. Depending on the condition, the colored light can be projected as a beam on a specific area or as a floodlight that covers the whole body. Cold laser Very low-intensity laser beams are directed at Used in laser acupunture to treat the body. A recent British study suggests that dawn simulation, a form of light therapy in Patients beginning light therapy for SAD may need which the patient is exposed to white light of gradually in- to adjust the length, frequency, and timing of their pho- creasing brightness (peaking at 250 lux after 90 min) may totherapy sessions in order to achieve the maximum ben- be even more effective in treating depression than exposure efits. However, such other light-related treatments as cold laser therapy and colored Side effects light therapy are not generally accepted, since few or no Some patients undergoing light therapy treatments scientific studies exist on the techniques. Most of these ef- Training & certification fects can be managed by adjusting the timing and dura- Psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental tion of the light therapy sessions. A strong sun block and healthcare professional prescribe light therapy treatment eye and nose drops can alleviate the others. Holistic healthcare professionals and light ther- studies have shown no negative effects to eye function of apists who specialize in this treatment are also available; individuals undergoing light therapy treatment. Again, adjusting the length and frequency Light therapy for skin disorders should be prescribed by of treatment sessions can usually manage this side effect. Research & general acceptance Resources Light therapy is widely accepted by both traditional BOOKS and complementary medicine as an effective treatment for American Psychiatric Association. Washington, DC: works are not known, but the bright light employed in light American Psychiatric Press, Inc. Other popular theories are that light trig- Light Treatment for SAD and Non-SAD Conditions.

One meta-analysis cautiously concluded that ginkgo was superior to placebo in individuals with cerebral 33 34 insufficiency discount revatio 20mg overnight delivery. By contrast, a recent study reported no improvement in memory or cognitive function in healthy, elderly people receiving a standard dose of ginkgo for 6 weeks. However, one contributing factor here may be that the treatment period was shorter than those used in earlier studies. Based on FDA May 1998: Guidance for Industry: Providing Clinical Evidence of Effectiveness for Human Drugs and Biological Products and references 28 and 29 Multiple studies conducted by different investigators and/or independent literature reports where the findings are consistent A high level of detail in the published reports, including clear and adequate descriptions of statistical plans, analytical methods and study endpoints, and a full accounting of all enrolled patients Appropriate endpoints that can be objectively assessed and are not dependent on investigator judgment (e. Definitions of the levels of evidence of the safe and effective use of an herbal medicinal product. Based on the US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and the WHO and references 28 and 29 Level Type of evidence Ia Evidence obtained from meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Ib Evidence obtained from at least one randomized controlled trial IIa Evidence obtained from at least one well-randomization designed controlled study without IIb Evidence obtained from at least one other type of well-designed quasi-experimental study III Evidence obtained from well-designed non-experimental descriptive studies, such as comparative studies, correlation studies and case-control studies IV Evidence obtained from expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experience of respected authorities 35 A 2002 Cochrane review, while recognizing the need for more clinical trials, concluded that there was promising evidence of improvement in cognition and function associated with ginkgo, with no excess side-effects compared to placebo. A systematic review of the relatively small number of placebo-controlled clinical trials 45 of kava for anxiety symptoms found a significant beneficial effect of the herb. The therapeutic potential of kava for anxiety, including its putative mode of action, is the 46 subject of a recent review. However, there have been some recent safety concerns with 46 this botanical that may limit its use (see later). In the case of valerian, a systematic review of nine trials found that there was 47. However, a recent conference report ® stated that Chinese ginseng was more effective than Duxil (Servier International, 49 France) (almitrine plus raubasine) in improving memory function after stroke. Other, less well-studied, botanicals with promise in improving cognitive function 50 51 include the ayurvedic herbs Bacopa monniera and Centella asiatica and the European 52 herb Salvia lavandulaefolia. The narcotic plant Cannabis sativa is also receiving 53,54 considerable interest for its potential use in treating multiple sclerosis. However, owing to legal restrictions, it is unlikely that any products from this botanical will be freely available as non-prescription items. Complementary therapies in neurology 22 SAFETY OF BOTANICAL PRODUCTS—ADVERSE REACTIONS AND INTERACTIONS A large proportion of the general public has the misconception that herbal products are safe because they are of natural origin. While sensible use within the recommended dosage is generally safe for most traditional herbs, adverse reactions may arise from the inherent properties of the herbal ingredients, from misuse, abuse and overuse of products, or from misidentification of plants or adulteration of products.