Brethine

By R. Konrad. International Institue of the Americas.

HO CH3O OH H OH H COMT HO C C NHCH3 HO C C NHCH3 H H H H Epinephrine Metanephrine MAO MAO HO CH3O OH H OH H COMT HO C C OH HO C C OH H H 3 brethine 2,5 mg for sale,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid 3-Methoxy - 4-hydroxymandelic acid (Vanillylmandelic acid) MAO MAO HO CH3O OH H HO H COMT HO C C NH2 HO C C NH2 H H H H Norepinephrine Normetanephrine FIGURE 9. The respective receptors are the more rapidly acting enzyme, and therefore more called the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoreceptors or molecules are O-methylated and then deaminated than the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine. Some norepinephrine and epinephrine ap- The action of acetylcholine at the skeletal muscle pear unchanged in the urine. Based on antagonist selectivity, however, Measurements of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and the autonomic and somatic nicotinic receptors are not their metabolites in the urine constitute valuable diag- pharmacologically identical (see Chapter 14). These cells generally con- peutic benefit has been obtained from this diversity be- tain both COMT and MAO. The combined processes of cause it allows the development of therapeutic agents extraneuronal uptake and O-methylation are believed that can selectively mimic or antagonize actions of to be a minor but functionally significant, site of irre- acetylcholine. The precise role of ex- ists for other neurotransmitters in addition to acetyl- traneuronal MAO in transmitter inactivation remains choline. Adrenoceptors Adrenoceptors interact not only with norepinephrine RECEPTORS ON THE AUTONOMIC but also with the adrenal medullary hormone epineph- EFFECTOR CELLS rine and a number of chemically related drugs. The receptors for acetylcholine and related drugs However, the responses produced by the drugs in dif- (cholinoreceptors) and for norepinephrine and related ferent autonomic structures differ quantitatively or drugs (adrenoceptors) are different. Subsequently, it has become drugs; that is, drugs that antagonize or block acetyl- necessary to classify the adrenoceptors further into choline at cholinoreceptors will not antagonize norepi- 1-, 2-, 1-, and 2-receptor subtypes. The 1-adrenoceptors are located at postjunctional Cholinoceptors (postsynaptic) sites on tissues innervated by adrenergic The action of administered acetylcholine on effector neurons. The 1-adrenoceptors are found chiefly in the actions of both acetylcholine and muscarine on the vis- heart and adipose tissue, while 2-adrenoceptors are lo- ceral effectors are similar to those produced by cated in a number of sites, including bronchial smooth parasympathetic nerve stimulation. Furthermore, the muscle and skeletal muscle blood vessels, and are asso- effects of acetylcholine, muscarine, and parasympa- ciated with smooth muscle relaxation. Activation of 1-adrenoceptors bacco plant, on autonomic ganglia and the adrenal on cardiac tissue produces an increase in the heart rate medulla.

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