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By Y. Grok. Western Connecticut State University. 2017.

Gamble JG buy isoptin sr 240mg mastercard, Rinsky LA, Lee JH (1988) Orthopedic aspects of central a program for long-term treatment of Duchenne muscular dystro- core disease. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 78: 1844–56 Subject Index Bold letters: Principal article Italics: Illustrations 756 Subject Index Acromesomelic dysplasia 664 – in congenital deformity of the lower A Acrosyndactyly 472, 477 leg 311 Adamantinoma 355, 587, 608, – mid- and rearfoot 402 Abducent nerve paresis 695 620–621, 634 – Syme 402 Abducted pes planovalgus 433–437, Adamkiewicz artery 115 – upper extremity 477 723, 726 Adaptation 50, 743 Amyloidosis 582 – functional 432, 437 Adaptive mechanism 743 Anaerobes 570 – structural, neurogenic 435 Adduction contracture Analysis, gait Abduction, examination 180 – hip 210, 212, 235, 237, 245, 266 see Gait analysis Abduction contracture Adductor tenotomy 236, 241 Andersen classification, congenital – hip 237, 245 Adhesion, spinal cord 739, 742 Pseudarthrosis of the tibia 314 abduction pants 186 Adolescence 6–7, 44, 68, 216, 285, Andry, Nicolas 16, 17 Abduction splint 213, 728 395 Anesthesia 21, 711, 712 see also Orthosis Adolescent’s kyphosis Aneurysmal bone cyst 522, 524, 587, Abilities, maintenance of 25 see Scheuermann’s diesease 586, 587, 590, 603, 605, 632, 634 Abnormality, congenital Adolescent scoliosis – lower leg 449, 450. Editor Clinical Assistant Professor and Residency Program Director Director, JFK Medical Center Consult Service Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute, Edison, New Jersey Demos Medical Publishing, 386 Park Avenue South, New York, New York 10016 © 2004 by Demos Medical Publishing. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review / by Sara J. However, Demos Medical Publishing cannot be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of the information contained herein. The spirit, integrity and grace she brought to her patients and the field of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is greatly missed since she died of breast cancer at the young age of 36. This book is also dedicated to: my husband Alec (my loving partner in life); my four children, Michelle, Alexander, Amanda, and Nicholas (who are the joys of my life); my parents, Connie and Pat Cuccurullo, (my support system throughout my entire life); my mentors and teachers, especially my chairman Dr. Strax (my inspira- tion and supporter in all aspects of medicine both clinical and academic), and Dr. Johnson (my encouragement to take on a challenge); and the residents of the UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute Residency Program (whose hunger for knowledge inspired the concept of this review book). It is only because of the support and encouragement of these people that this project could be completed. PRODUCTION STAFF JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute Project Manager: Heather Platt, B. DM Cradle Associates, Publishing Services Project Manager: Carol Henderson We gratefully acknowledge the contributions made by the artists involved in this project. We sincerely thank them for their dedication, expertise, creativity and professionalism. Special thanks to Bob Silvestri and the JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute Prosthetic and Orthotic Laboratory.

Investigators have made considerable progress in considering the role of biological sex or gender identity in influencing the prevalence of pain conditions isoptin sr 120 mg with visa, the response to treatment, and the mechanisms used to cope with challenging pain syndromes. Typically, the majority of pain pa- tients for many disorders is female (Berkley, 1997; LeResche, 1997; Unruh, 1996). This includes such conditions as headache, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel disorder, and temporomandibular disorder. The data on prevalence have been supplemented (Fillingim, 2000; Mogil, Chesler, Wilson, Juraska, & Sternberg, 2000; Riley, Robinson, Wise, Myers, & Fillingim, 1998; Rollman & Lautenbacher, 2001) by research on biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors with the goal of understanding the underlying mechanisms, reducing the incidence of the problems, and im- proving the treatment of acute and chronic pain. We know, for example, that certain opioid drugs are more potent in males than in females (Craft & Bernal, 2001), that women have a moderate to large increase in sensitivity to experimentally-induced pain compared to men (Riley et al. In many respects, the rationale for studying ethnocultural differences in pain is identical, but culture is probably the most difficult and controversial of the biopsychosocial factors. This chapter critically examines the litera- ture that suggests the individual’s culture makes a critical difference in pain behavior and management. In the first, samples were small and poorly obtained and science often took a back seat to stereotypes. The second stage was marked by greater interest in both theory and methodology, but the validity of the findings was still of- ten questionable. The third stage, which has recently emerged, is character- ized by greater sophistication, larger sample sizes and population distribu- tions, and closer attention to psychosocial factors which may mediate the results. For reasons of convenience, most early studies of pain and culture took place in the laboratory. Typically, small numbers of persons from one cul- tural group were compared to small numbers of persons from one or two other groups, and sweeping generalizations were made.

Recommendations for the type of resection depending on the tumor stage Stage Typical tumors Resection Benign 240 mg isoptin sr, stage 1 (inactive) Bone: juvenile bone cyst, enchondroma, fibrous dysplasia, (If indicated at all:) intralesional Langerhans cell histiocytosisa (curettage) Soft tissues: mucous cyst, pigmented villonodular synovitis Bone: osteochondroma Marginal Soft tissues: lipoma – Benign, stage 2 (active) Bone: osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, Marginal, poss. It may prove neces- Surgeons have attempted to reduce the recurrence sary to resect the relevant vessel or nerve with subsequent rate still further through the use of necrotizing substances : bridging. This is particularly important for an osteosar- liquid nitrogen (cryosurgery) , phenol , methyl methacrylate coma. Liquid nitrogen and phenol can only be sarcoma, this must be followed by radiotherapy. If a leak is present these liquids can escape into the surrounding soft tissues and Radical resection cause considerable damage. The drawback with methyl In a radical resection the whole compartment in which methacrylate is that, once set, it can be very laborious, the tumor develops must be removed. Since high-grade and occasionally very difficult as well, to remove the hard malignant tumors generally spread out of the bone into plug at a later date. On the other hand, large cement plugs the surrounding muscles, both the whole bone and all (particularly if they are above and close to joints) should affected muscles must be resected at the same time. Because of its hardness and weight, principle, with a few exceptions, this implies amputation. These are not visible on a normal bone tumors are relatively young, cement plugs should x-ray and can mean that significant tumor sections are not be left in situ. Since the The quality of the curettage is much more important development of modern imaging techniques, particularly than the use of necrotizing substances in achieving a low the MRI scan, skip metastases are now readily detectable. Recent studies have shown that equally Nowadays, the borders of the tumor can be assessed much low recurrence rates can be achieved with and without the more accurately, thereby dispensing with the need for a use of such aids [4, 26]. In fact, a radical resection is no longer necessary Marginal resection even for high-grade tumors, and the current emphasis This should be attempted for all stage 2 or stage 3 benign is on limb-preserving methods. Nevertheless, amputa- tumors and is also usually possible provide the tumor is tions are sometimes unavoidable in exceptional cases not located in the epiphysis close to a joint. The resection involving very large, extensive or unfavorably located may be relatively limited and is performed through the tumors or recurrences, particularly if major nerves are pseudocapsule of the tumor.